DRC - Diversification of mining operations

The Democratic Republic of Congo is known for its mineral potential, representing no fewer than 1,100 different mineral substances. Contributing over 201 trillion to GDP, the mining sector is one of the major pillars of the country's economy. All provinces can boast mineral wealth.

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It is estimated that 951 TEUs of Congolese exports consist of raw materials, primarily copper and cobalt. The largest volume, approximately 401 TEUs, is destined for China.

The reform of this sector through opening it up to private partners has attracted several subsidiaries of major multinational corporations to the DRC. This massive presence has fueled the rapid growth of the country's mining production over the years, which explains the dramatic improvement in the country's macroeconomic indicators.

Growth in the DRC has rebounded sharply, rising from 1.71 TPP in 2020 to an estimated 6.21 TPP in 2021, well above the 4.51 TPP recorded in sub-Saharan Africa according to an annual IMF assessment. This robust recovery is attributed to the performance of the mining sector, which alone absorbs two-thirds of the country's FDI ($600 million out of $1 billion).

The DRC is the leading copper producer in Africa, with a record output of over 1.6 million tons in 2020, compared to 1.4 million tons in 2019. Production increased in 2021 with the start of operations at the Kamoa-Kakula mine. It is also the world's leading producer of cobalt (85,855.6 tons in 2020, compared to 77,964 tons in 2019). In the gold sector, the Kibali mine achieved a record 814,027 ounces of gold in 2020, compared to 750,000 ounces produced in 2019.

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The phosphate resources of Fundu Nzobe in the Bas-Fleuve district are estimated at 70 million gross tons with an average P2O5 content of 271 TP3T. At Kanzi, the same resources are estimated at 25 million tons with an average P2O5 content of 171 TP3T. At Vangu, they are estimated at 20 million tons with a P2O5 content of 221 TP3T.

The existence of significant iron ore deposits has been recognized in the Orientale Province, Kasai, and Katanga. The reserves of the Orientale Province and Kasai deposits are estimated at several million tons. Manganese, on the other hand, appears as a minor element in many mineral assemblages. The Kasekelessa and Kisenge deposits are the most important (reserves estimated at 14 million tons).

The tin-bearing products, namely cassiterite, coltan and wolframite, commonly known as 3T (Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten), come from the Eastern Provinces, specifically Maniema, North Kivu, South Kivu, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba and Tanganyika.

The country also has significant lithium reserves. In the medium and long term, the DRC's economic potential is enormous with the development of lithium batteries in the automotive industry and advanced technologies.

As the DRC's primary source of foreign exchange, the evolution of international prices is closely monitored by experts. However, mining companies are more interested in long-term prospects, considering the lifespan of their mines. In this regard, the outlook is quite positive, particularly with nickel and lithium mining driven by strong demand. The surge in global demand for certain strategic commodities such as cobalt, copper, nickel, and lithium should be the primary focus of any sound analysis of the mining sector's prospects. The DRC will play a significant role in the global ecological transition that began a few years ago.