Cameroon - A vision for the future of maritime transport

With 364 kilometers of coastline, the Cameroonian maritime sector is brimming with immense, largely untapped potential, representing a significant niche for employment and economic development.

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The development of a National Maritime Transport Policy (NMP) consistent with the guidelines of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) should help to give the government the necessary tools to become an effective player in the maritime transport sector and to take full advantage of the potential of the blue economy.

Furthermore, plans are underway to create a maritime arbitration center, which will serve as an impartial and effective mechanism for resolving transnational commercial disputes. This represents a genuine transformation of the maritime sector.

Cameroon has three seaports: The Autonomous Port of Douala, the Autonomous Port of Kribi (PAK), the Autonomous Port of Limbe (PAL).

The Autonomous Port of Douala (PAD) It alone represents 951 TEUs of Cameroon's maritime freight traffic. The Port of Douala aims to be the leading hub in the heart of the Gulf of Guinea. It is the largest port in the CEMAC zone. In 2023, the Port Authority of Douala (PAD) confirmed its position as Cameroon's leading port in terms of domestic traffic. It was ranked first in CEMAC for logistics performance in May 2023. The Port Development Strategy (SDD) aims to increase its capacity from nearly 13 million tons to 45 million tons by 2050, effectively tripling its current capacity. To achieve this, the plan is first to modernize and optimize the infrastructure at the Bonabéri site, and then to extend the port to the new deep-water site at Manoka. The first phase is scheduled for completion in 2035 and should increase the port's capacity to 23 million tons per year by 2030. The expansion project, expected to be completed in 2050, involves the construction of four container berths capable of accommodating the world's largest vessels, a grain terminal, and two berths for bulk minerals and hydrocarbons. To accelerate the process, the Port Authority of Douala (PAD) is pursuing numerous initiatives to attract investors.

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The Autonomous Port of Kribi (PAK) – with its deep water and 16-meter draft – is designed to compensate for the nautical shortcomings of an estuary port like Douala. In 2022, just four years after the start of its commercial operations, the Port of Kribi (PAK) had already seen nearly 1,600 ships pass through, for a total traffic estimated at over 33 million tons of various goods, primarily due to liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. Initially planned to become the export port for iron ore extracted in the region, Kribi, thanks to energy and container traffic, now serves as a major transshipment port with a sub-regional focus.

The second phase of port development is expected to begin in early 2024. Once completed, KCT will see its annual capacity increase from 350,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units) to over 1 million, while KMT will be able to handle 4 million tons of goods per year, compared to 1.2 million today.

A third phase is planned, dedicated to the establishment of specialized terminals for roll-on/roll-off (RoRo), fruit, bulk, and mineral cargo, as well as offshore oil and gas projects. All these activities will benefit from the future rail connection on the section linking Edéa to Kribi. In February 2023, the Port Authority of Kribi (PAK) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with four companies for the development of an integrated industrial zone covering 1,500 hectares. With this investment estimated at $900 million (550.3 billion CFA francs), the industrial zone under development at the port of Kribi is expected to generate 50,000 direct jobs.

The Autonomous Port of Limbe (PAL) This project complements the Cameroonian government's port master plan. The construction of this deep-water port, with a projected cost of approximately 400 billion FCFA, will create specialized infrastructure for transporting heavy goods such as hydrocarbons, due to its proximity to the National Refining Company (Sonara), and agricultural products. Indeed, the Southwest region is home to vast plantations of dessert bananas. It is also a major cocoa-producing area in Cameroon. Construction of the first phase of the Autonomous Port of Limbe is expected to begin in 2023.