Cameroon - Phase 1 of Universal Health Coverage

Initiated by the Head of State in 2015, Universal Health Coverage (UHC) officially entered its phase 1 on April 12, 2023. Cameroonians in possession of a Universal Health Card will eventually be entitled to free preventive care and essential health services.

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From conception to implementation, phase 1 of the CSU is today one of the strongest socio-political revolutions to the credit of the Cameroonian government.

Its sophisticated implementation should significantly reduce inequalities in access to healthcare, while guaranteeing patients' dignity. Even the most vulnerable segments of the population will now be able to benefit from high-quality care within reasonable timeframes, at a lower cost, by 2030. The launch of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is therefore a crucial step.

Due to the lack of universal health coverage, Cameroonian households bear nearly 751,300,000 in healthcare costs. To contribute to the development of a healthy, productive human capital capable of driving strong, inclusive, and sustainable growth, the authorities intend to guarantee all segments of the population equitable and universal access to quality basic healthcare services and priority specialized care.

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The first phase of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) primarily targets children under five, pregnant women, and people of all ages suffering from conditions such as kidney failure, tuberculosis, and HIV. The healthcare package covers preventive, promotional, and curative care. This coverage will expand to include the entire population by 2030. Analysts at the Camercap think tank estimate that 1.4 trillion FCFA is needed to finance UHC. This budget includes 1 trillion FCFA from the government, 350 billion FCFA (one-third) from household contributions, and 50 billion FCFA in pledges from donors. Beyond direct contributions from individuals, additional resources are expected to be found through new funding mechanisms to provide a boost to finance the anticipated government contribution. Thus, innovative approaches to financing Universal Health Coverage (UHC) include social transfers and social safety net programs, such as unconditional direct cash transfers with accompanying measures; emergency cash transfers; the COVID-19 emergency cash transfer program; and labor-intensive public works programs. These institutional instruments can be implemented through restructuring to optimize the state's contribution.

Since 1993, Cameroonian law has required public institutions providing primary healthcare to contribute 10% of their monthly revenue to the Health Solidarity Fund. This fund, which should fall under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Health, requires greater transparency and accountability to ensure its effectiveness in contributing to the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) objective.

It is also necessary to secure agricultural incomes to protect rural populations from insecurity, to move towards prevention and fines for traffic offences, to introduce taxes on alcohol and tobacco and to strengthen hygiene and sanitation in homes.