Cameroon - Improving the supply of and access to drinking water and sanitation

Despite the abundance of resources, significant inequalities exist between rural and urban areas. In rural areas, only 43.51% of residents have access to drinking water. For some residents, water from rivers and streams is the only accessible source of water.

Since 2005, Cameroon has aligned itself with the objectives of the United Nations and has committed to integrating the National Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management (PANGIRE).

According to Cameroon's National Institute of Statistics (INS), the rate of access to drinking water in urban areas was 771 million people per capita in 2018. The Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (Camwater), the public utility responsible for water distribution, has undertaken several projects in recent years aimed at improving drinking water supply in urban and peri-urban areas, such as water supply programs in the cities of Dschang, Garoua-Boulai, Garoua, Maroua, Yabassi, Meyomessala, Nkongsamba, and Melong. Since 2019, the country has aimed for a drinking water access rate of 751 million people per capita by the end of 2022.

In 2022, Camwater implemented the project to design, rehabilitate and construct drinking water supply systems in 20 cities in Cameroon.

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The installed water production capacity is 731,080 m³ per day, with a total storage capacity of approximately 253,374 m³. The government, through Camwater, has signed an agreement with the Indian company WPIL, specializing in the commissioning and maintenance of pumping systems, for the construction of these drinking water production centers. The contract covers the design, rehabilitation, and construction of drinking water supply systems in six of Cameroon's ten regions: the Centre, Littoral, West, Northwest, Southwest, and South. The total target capacity is 300,000 m³ per day. This project, initiated in 2018, requires an investment of €51 million (34 billion CFA francs). The project also incorporates the expertise of the Cameroonian company Nkah Engineering in the field of hydraulics. The company will be responsible for supplying and installing pumps, constructing water storage reservoirs, and building and rehabilitating drinking water supply systems, including treatment plants. It also plans the construction of 25 simplified drinking water supply systems and 874,000 public latrines in the Adamawa, North, and Far North regions.

This contract between Cameroon and WPIL is an integral part of the country's water supply master plan, which aims to achieve a service rate of 851 TPH (thousands of cubic meters per second) by 2032. To achieve this, cities are a priority. This drinking water project will benefit the cities of Bafia, Bokito, Mbandjock, Ombessa, Nanga Eboko, Ngoumou, and Akonolinga in the Central Region; Manjo and Dibombari in the Littoral Region; Bambui, Bambili, Nkambé, Bali, and Fundong in the Northwest Region; Kumba and Mamfe, two cosmopolitan cities in the Southwest Region; Bana and Bansoa in the West Region; and Ebolowa, the capital of the South Region.

As part of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Cameroon (PAEA-MRU), the government has also launched the construction of 25 simplified drinking water supply systems and 874,000 public latrines in the Adamawa, North, and Far North regions. Taking another step towards achieving its PAEA-MRU objectives, the government is relying on 18 billion CFA francs (approximately €27.45 million) in funding from the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB). Ultimately, the initiative aims to complete 88 simplified drinking water supply systems across Cameroon.

There is also talk of a project to construct 1,926 boreholes equipped with hand-operated pumps in the northern regions.