Madagascar - The breadbasket of the Indian Ocean

Madagascar occupies a strategic position among the islands of the Indian Ocean due to its rich and diverse agricultural potential, its size, and its population. However, rural development must address six major challenges related to land tenure, microfinance, the green revolution, markets, agribusiness, and value creation. products.

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Agriculture plays a dominant role in the national economy. The vast majority of the working population is employed in agriculture (801,300) and there are very few salaried jobs. The Malagasy diet is based on four main cereals: rice, cassava, maize, and sweet potato. The country has 36 million hectares of arable land, of which only 3 million are currently cultivated.

The new Sectoral Programme for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the PSAEP, provides new sectoral guidelines for competitive and sustainable agricultural production, integrating family farms and modernized processing units to ensure food security and conquer export markets.

Madagascar is a leader in several products: the world's leading exporter of cloves and vanilla, and second in lychee and ylang-ylang essential oil. Cocoa from Madagascar is considered a very high-end, fine cocoa.

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Towards rice self-sufficiency
Madagascar is among the world's largest rice consumers. Only 201,000 tons of cultivated rice is marketed, with the remainder consumed directly by farmers. Madagascar possesses a number of institutional advantages (organizations, structure, legislation, regulations, practices, etc.) to successfully develop its rice seed industry. Regulatory texts exist for the seed sub-sector, and structures are in place to implement seed policy. The establishment of the National Agency for Official Seed and Plant Control (ANCOS) confirms the government's political will to strengthen inspection and control mechanisms to enforce existing regulations. In 2019, Madagascar imported 350,000 tons of white rice. However, rice yields increased from 2.5 tons to nearly 5 tons per hectare, directly benefiting more than 76,000 farming households. The goal now is to ensure sufficient production so that Madagascar can begin to eliminate its rice imports and achieve self-sufficiency. Lake Alaotra is known as Madagascar's primary rice-producing region. With nearly 100,000 hectares of rice paddies, the annual production is 200,000 tons of white rice, generating a surplus of approximately 80,000 tons. According to the Madagascar Emergence Plan (PME), the objective is to reach 500,000 tons of annual rice production by 2024.

The valorization of the cactus
The nutritional benefits of cactus are extraordinary: the fruits and leaves are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It also possesses cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. But above all, cactus cultivation plays a vital role in combating climate change, ensuring food security, and supporting the rural economy. Specific applications are diverse: human and livestock feed, soil restoration, and the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, among others. The sector holds great promise in terms of income generation, job creation, and as a means of combating desertification and strengthening the resilience of vulnerable populations.